See sorwen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "sorrow"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sorrow"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sorgian",
"sorgian#Old_English"
],
[
"*sergian",
"Reconstruction:Old English/sergian"
],
[
"*seorgian",
"Reconstruction:Old English/seorgian"
],
[
"*sorgēn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sorgēn"
],
[
"*surgāną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgāną"
],
[
"sorwe",
"sorwe#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sorgian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sorgian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sorgian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sorgian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sorgēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*surgāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *surgāną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sorwe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "sorrow, hardship"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sorgian, *sergian, *seorgian, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, from Proto-Germanic *surgāną; by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sorweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to sorwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sorew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "soregh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "serrȝhenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "sorew",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sorowȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "zorȝy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "sarwin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soroȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soroo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "sorou",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "sorow",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soru",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soruu",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "serewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "serwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "serwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorewi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seorhin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seoruwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "soreȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorhin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "sorwen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "sorw"
},
"expansion": "sorwen (third-person singular simple present sorweth, present participle sorwende, sorwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sorwed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sorw",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 15 21 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
71,
78
]
],
"english": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Lucam .I. [Luke 1:5] / Secundum Lucam .II. [Luke 1:18]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 20, verso, column 1; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Forͬ fra þatt hıre make ıſſ dæd⹎ Ne kepeþþ ᵹho nan oþerr. Acc ſerrᵹͪeþþ aᵹᵹ forͬþı ꝥ ᵹho. Ne maᵹᫌ himͫ noƿƿhar fındenn",
"translation": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sad or upset"
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-N9--GAmz",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 15 21 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sad or upset:",
"To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-0hwQpqcD",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
],
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"wail",
"wail"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
"To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 15 21 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sad or upset:",
"To grieve; to feel sympathy for"
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-W9y3xdlD",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
],
[
"grieve",
"grieve"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sympathy",
"sympathy"
],
[
"for",
"for#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
"To grieve; to feel sympathy for [transitive or with for]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 15 21 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 9 5 81 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sadness",
"orig": "enm:Sadness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
49
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"english": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Persons Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 236, recto:",
"text": "Penıtence / ıs þe waẏmentẏnge of man / þᵗ soꝛweth foꝛ hıs sẏnne / and pẏneth hẏm self / foꝛ he hath mysdoon",
"translation": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To regret; to show contrition."
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-KO6NRHnq",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"contrition",
"contrition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To regret; to show contrition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 15 21 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 8 10 10 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-ivDK8NKs",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bodily",
"bodily#English"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 15 21 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make upset; to sadden."
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-verb-JaN1Pa3R",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
],
[
"sadden",
"sadden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, transitive) To make upset; to sadden."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrwən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛrwən/",
"note": "Southwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "sorwen"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "sorwen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 13 13 16 16 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 14 15 16 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 12 14 15 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sorwe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of sorwe"
],
"id": "en-sorwen-enm-noun-1gz-RpKg",
"links": [
[
"sorwe",
"sorwe#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrwən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛrwən/",
"note": "Southwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "sorwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swergʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Pain",
"enm:Sadness"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "sorrow"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sorrow"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sorgian",
"sorgian#Old_English"
],
[
"*sergian",
"Reconstruction:Old English/sergian"
],
[
"*seorgian",
"Reconstruction:Old English/seorgian"
],
[
"*sorgēn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sorgēn"
],
[
"*surgāną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgāną"
],
[
"sorwe",
"sorwe#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sorgian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sorgian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sorgian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sorgian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sorgēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*surgāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *surgāną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sorwe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"nocap": "1",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "sorrow, hardship"
},
"expansion": "by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sorgian, *sergian, *seorgian, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, from Proto-Germanic *surgāną; by surface analysis, sorwe (“sorrow, hardship”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sorweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to sorwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sorew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorewen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "soregh",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "serrȝhenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "sorew",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sorowȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sorwy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "zorȝy",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "sarwin",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soroȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soroo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "sorou",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "sorow",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soru",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "soruu",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "serewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "serwe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "serwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorewi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seorhin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seoruwen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "soreȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorhin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "sorwen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "sorw"
},
"expansion": "sorwen (third-person singular simple present sorweth, present participle sorwende, sorwynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sorwed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sorw",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
71
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
71,
78
]
],
"english": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Lucam .I. [Luke 1:5] / Secundum Lucam .II. [Luke 1:18]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 20, verso, column 1; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Forͬ fra þatt hıre make ıſſ dæd⹎ Ne kepeþþ ᵹho nan oþerr. Acc ſerrᵹͪeþþ aᵹᵹ forͬþı ꝥ ᵹho. Ne maᵹᫌ himͫ noƿƿhar fındenn",
"translation": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sad or upset"
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sad or upset:",
"To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
],
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"wail",
"wail"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
"To show grief or sorrow; to wail or lament."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To feel sad or upset:",
"To grieve; to feel sympathy for"
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sad",
"sad"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
],
[
"grieve",
"grieve"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"sympathy",
"sympathy"
],
[
"for",
"for#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To feel sad or upset:",
"To grieve; to feel sympathy for [transitive or with for]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
42,
49
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"english": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Persons Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 236, recto:",
"text": "Penıtence / ıs þe waẏmentẏnge of man / þᵗ soꝛweth foꝛ hıs sẏnne / and pẏneth hẏm self / foꝛ he hath mysdoon",
"translation": "\"Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To regret; to show contrition."
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"contrition",
"contrition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To regret; to show contrition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bodily",
"bodily#English"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually intransitive) To be troubled or disturbed:",
"To hurt; to be in or cause (usually bodily) pain."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mornen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make upset; to sadden."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"upset",
"upset"
],
[
"sadden",
"sadden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, transitive) To make upset; to sadden."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrwən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛrwən/",
"note": "Southwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "sorwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Pain",
"enm:Sadness"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "sorwen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sorwe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of sorwe"
],
"links": [
[
"sorwe",
"sorwe#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrwən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔrɔu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛriu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈzɛrwən/",
"note": "Southwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "sorwen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sorwen meaning in Middle English (11.9kB)
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "sorwen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "info_templates/78",
"msg": "INFO-TEMPLATES: `Template:+obj` expansion does not match regex: [transitive or with for]",
"path": [
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"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "sorwen",
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.